24 | SMALLHOLDER DIARIES Tanzania. Photo by Erin Scronce. district, which is located eight ilometers down a gravel road branching off the paved road that leads to –alawi­ amilies typically sold potatoes to independent agents who visit the village­ Œhe two villages have different agricultural cycles, so data related to harvests are presented by village in this report­ €n the Œan—ania sample, men are typically the household head and the final decision-maers­ ™omen were generally in charge of household activities (e­g­, cooing, cleaning, caring for children) and contributed to household decision- maing­ ™omen and men both shared farming responsibilities, but it was more common for women to wor on other farms than men, and for less money­ ¦ver the course of the Smallholder ‰iaries, women from “¢ different households wored as casual laborers on neighboring farms on ¡’ž occasions, earning an average of ©S±‘­¢• each time­ –en from ‘“ households, in contrast, wored as ‘… casual laborers on farms ‘¢¡ times and earned an average of ©S±”­Ÿž each time­ PAKISTAN SAMPLE Œhe research team selected two villages about ‘” ilometers apart, both growing rice as the main cash crop­ €n the first, semi-perennial irrigation canals provided water about six months out of the year, while in the second, smallholders did not have access to the canal and instead depended on tube well irrigation (see Œable Ÿ)­ Some families in the first village used tube well irrigation as well to supple- ment water from the canal­ Œhe use of chemical pesticides and fertili—ers was universal among the aistan sample and almost all households were connected to the national power grid, though electricity may be available for only a few hours each day­