IMPLICATIONS FOR FINANCIAL SOLUTIONS | 81 his profile is liƒely the most challenging to sere ia mobile financial ser- ices, and successful approaches will need to oercome the barriers of lim- ited access to and capability with mobile phones Œhe experience and understanding of mobile phones in the –o—ambiue sample was the lowest in the Smallholder ‰iaries roughly half (”” percent) had used a phone in the past year and many new only how to receive calls with their phone (“” percent)­ ƒow levels of literacy, the lac of access to electricity to charge phones, and limited infrastructure presented additional challenges, and no one in the –o—ambiue sample used mobile money during the Smallholder ‰iaries­ €nput retailers, off-taers, and Ss would need to address these constraints and then develop tailored products that offer the option or provide incentives to use mobile financial services (e­g­, to receive payment, to contribute to a layaway account for inputs or an improved form of crop storage), perhaps in the near term through an agent (though this poses its own challenges) and, with time, independently­ Šmproed agronomic practices and better agricultural risƒ management would also be important in this profile, and off-taƒers interested in reach- ing noncommercial smallholders and embedding them in their supply chain would need to bundle this agronomic support with financial tools ƒoans from off-taers to finance agricultural production may be relevant to some noncommercial smallholder households, but probably only when com- bined with a fairly extensive range of support that enables some maretable surplus, including high-uality seeds and inputs, agronomic information, weather information, and access to marets­ ˜oncommercial smallholders present the most challenging producers to lin to value chains, and it will be important to explore ways to push beyond the estimated • percent of small- holders currently embedded in tight value chains (†hristen and ˆnderson ‘’…Ÿ), looing for opportunities to broaden this approach to include addi- tional crops and livestoc, offer financial services beyond input credit, and reach lower-income, less silled producers­ •onfinancial interentions are also critical to improe the well-being of noncommercial households €mprovements in financial inclusion are impor- tant for noncommercial smallholder households, but only one of many rele- “‘ vant and needed interventions­ Œhe experiences of the Smallholder ‰iaries sample in –o—ambiue emphasi—ed the connections among health and nutri- tion, food security, and irregular incomes­ €nterventions to improve health- care, provide wider safety nets, increase agricultural production, and better preserve the harvest are important for improvements in the overall well-being of noncommercial households­ ™hen someone in the family needs medical attention, for example, they cannot pay for transportation to a health clinic or hospital without cash on hand, which may prevent them from seeing care­ §ouchers that allowed bus and taxi drivers to receive payment from ˜‡¦s or the government for transportation to medical care could ease this constraint­