INTRODUCTION AND METHODOLOGY | 15 notably Portfolios of the Poor and the financial diaries in ¯enya—with a …“ particular focus on smallholder households­ Œhe next section presents the methodology of the Smallholder ‰iaries, and the subseuent sections report and analy—e its findings­ œach section is complemented by a case study on the experiences of a family participating in the Smallholder ‰iaries­ SMALLHOLDER DIARIES METHODOLOGY ƒaunched by †‡ˆ in ‘’…“, the Smallholder ‰iaries is a research study that col- lected detailed financial data from approximately ‘•’ small-scale farming households in –o—ambiue, Œan—ania, and aistan over the course of a year­…” Œhe ‰iaries methodology combines in-depth uantitative and ualitative research­ ªesearch teams met participating families every two wees to collect granular data on cash flows in and out of the household, financial tools, assets, …¢ ma„or life events, and attitudes toward agriculture and financial services­ ªesearchers captured the data using a tailored survey instrument­ ˆt the start, they guided households through three initial uestionnaires that recorded their demographic information as well as income sources, assets, and financial tools­ Œhis baseline information then generated a tailored Smallholder ‰iaries uestionnaire for each family (see igure …)­ €n all three countries, the research teams visited the Smallholder ‰iaries households using tablet computers to record their financial information­ ‰uring their regular visits every two wees, interviewers captured a com- plete set of individual cash flows from the preceding two-wee period­ ¦ver the course of the discussion, interviewers ased household members about all of their various income sources, expense categories, financial tools, and transac- FIGURE 1: The Smallholder Diaries process Questionnaire 1: Questionnaire 2: Questionnaire 3: household roster; member income sources; financial instruments demographics; living standards physical assets Start/stop Data from 3 initial financial instruments questionnaires used and income sources to generate on-going as needed diaries questionnaire Ongoing Diaries Questionnaire 5 qualitation modules Acquisition/ to capture cash on risk, aspirations, loss/sale of inflows and agriculture, financial physical assets outflows tools, labor decisions from income, household expenditures, and financial transactions Crop tracker Crop tracker to record harvests, (weddings, births, etc.) sale, consumption, and loss of each crop