IMPLICATIONS FOR FINANCIAL SOLUTIONS | 85 nity to discuss the financial tools these common segments demand regardless of their location­ ˆs in any research effort, the results spar as many uestions as they may answer and the wor to better understand smallholder households and improve their agricultural and financial lives continues­ ¯ey areas for further exploration include how value chain finance approaches could reach lower-income, less silled smallholders, embed additional crops and livestoc in tight value chains, and bundle financial services beyond input credit in their production support pacages­ Œhe relationship among partici- pants is also an important aspect of value chains­ ©nderstanding how small- holders and purchasers benefit from these connections, financially and otherwise, and where vulnerabilities remain will be important to their success- ful and euitable expansion­ €n addition, as Ss develop and tailor a range of financial tools to specific profiles of smallholder households, it would be useful to understand how household financial portfolios change over time, including what financial mechanisms are replaced, how transaction costs change, when informal tools continue to complement formal financial tools, and where gaps persist­ †onsidering the level of financial exclusion among smallholder house- holds, additional research on how Ss can most effectively develop products that rapidly and effectively reach scale is also ey­ orthcoming data and analysis from the national smallholder surveys will help further contextuali—e the results of the Smallholder ‰iaries and contribute to building the evidence base on the financial and agricultural lives of small- holder households­ Œhe segmentation of the smallholder sector in each country will inform Ss developing financial tools tailored to each segment and design- ing the business cases to deliver them sustainably­ €t will also identify client groups whose primary needs are in basic health, education, and infrastructure, and where collaboration with government and ˜‡¦ partners would be even more important­ Œogether, the data and results from the Smallholder ‰iaries and the national surveys and segmentations should help Ss, government partners, ˜‡¦s, and other staeholders better understand smallholder house- holds and mae strides in advancing their financial inclusion­